How much car can I afford? The 20/4/10 rule calculator

Find the most you can spend on a car from your income with the 20/4/10 rule: 20% down, a loan of 4 years at most, and total car costs under 10% of your gross income. All numbers editable.

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  1. Income
  2. Rule
  3. Payment
  4. Max price
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The 20/4/10 rule of thumb: put down 20%, borrow for no more than 4 years, and keep all your car costs (loan payment plus running costs) under 10% of your gross income. It is a guide, not a law: change any number.

Not financial advice. Prices do not include sales tax, fees or the trade-in, so use Car loan to check a real offer. Nothing you type leaves this page.

What it does

Dealers will often tell you what monthly payment you can get. This tool works the other way round: it starts from your income and tells you the most you should spend, so the car does not squeeze the rest of your budget.

It uses the 20/4/10 rule of thumb. Put down 20% of the price, borrow for no more than 4 years, and keep all your car costs, the loan payment plus fuel, insurance and upkeep, under 10% of your gross income. After you have a price in mind, test a real offer with car loan, see the rest of your money in the budget planner, and compare owning with renting in lease or buy.

How to use it

  1. Type your gross income, before tax, and say whether it is per month or per year.
  2. Keep or change the down payment, loan length and share of income.
  3. Type the interest rate and what you expect to pay each month to run the car.
  4. Read the top price, the payment and the loan.

What each setting does

  • Total car costs (% of gross income): your car budget a month is this share of your monthly gross income. The running costs come out of it first.
  • Down payment (%): the loan is the price minus the down payment, so a bigger down payment allows a higher price for the same monthly payment.
  • Loan length: a longer loan lowers the payment but costs more interest.

Worked example

Gross income 6,000 a month. Ten percent is 600. Take off 150 for running costs and 450 is left for the payment. At 7% over 48 months a payment of 450 repays a loan of about 18,792. With 20% down, that is 80% of the price, so the top price is about 23,490, with 4,698 down.

FAQs

Why gross and not take-home income? The rule was made with gross income because it is easy to compare. If you prefer, lower the share to suit your own take-home pay.

Are the running costs really that low? 150 is only a starting point. Fill in your own fuel, insurance and upkeep. If they are higher, the loan you can carry shrinks.

Is a bigger car possible? Only if you accept a longer loan, a lower down payment or a higher share of income. Each of those has a cost, which is why the rule exists.

Not financial advice.

Where the numbers come from

  • The 20/4/10 rule is a common personal-finance rule of thumb, not a law or a lender's test. Loan size is the present value of the payments at the monthly rate (rate / 12), the same level-payment formula lenders use. Drawings are fibub's own.

Standard scientific values, such as constants, atomic weights and melting points, are facts found in every textbook; we name where ours were checked. If you are an author or publisher and want a value, a credit or a table changed or removed, tell us and we will act quickly.

Last updated 2026-11-10.

Change log for Car affordability

  1. Vehicle tools take codes T890-T911 (the block the coordinator gave this stream) Details on GitHub
  2. Add real-mileage, car-depreciation, car-affordability, road-trip tools Details on GitHub

Every change to fibub

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