Home / Learn / Class 8 to 12 / Class 12

Class 12: physics, chemistry, biology and maths

Every chapter, with tools to try: change a number, drag a point, run an experiment and see what happens. 157 tools so far, and more are on the way.

Physics

  1. 1 Electric Charges and Fields

    Coulomb's law, electric field, dipoles, Gauss's law

  2. 2 Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance

    Potential, equipotentials, capacitors, dielectrics

  3. 3 Current Electricity

    Ohm's law, resistivity, cells, Kirchhoff's rules, Wheatstone bridge

  4. 4 Moving Charges and Magnetism

    Lorentz force, Biot-Savart, Ampere's law, galvanometer

  5. 5 Magnetism and Matter

    Bar magnet, magnetic materials

  6. 6 Electromagnetic Induction

    Faraday's and Lenz's laws, inductance, AC generator

  7. 7 Alternating Current

    Phasors, LCR circuits, resonance, power factor, transformers

  8. 8 Electromagnetic Waves

    Displacement current, EM spectrum

  9. 9 Ray Optics and Optical Instruments

    Mirrors, refraction, total internal reflection, lenses, prisms, instruments

  10. 10 Wave Optics

    Huygens principle, interference, diffraction, polarisation

  11. 11 Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

    Photoelectric effect, photons, de Broglie waves

  12. 12 Atoms

    Rutherford model, spectra, Bohr model

  13. 13 Nuclei

    Nuclear size, binding energy, fission and fusion, decay

  14. 14 Semiconductor Electronics

    Band theory, p-n junction, diode, rectifiers

Chemistry

  1. 1 Solutions

    Concentration, Henry's law, Raoult's law, colligative properties

  2. 2 Electrochemistry

    Galvanic cells, Nernst equation, conductance, electrolysis, batteries

  3. 3 Chemical Kinetics

    Rate laws, order, half-life, Arrhenius equation

  4. 4 The d- and f-Block Elements

    Transition metals, oxidation states, colour, magnetism

  5. 5 Coordination Compounds

    Werner's theory, naming, isomerism, crystal field theory

  6. 6 Haloalkanes and Haloarenes

    SN1 and SN2, chirality, elimination

  7. 7 Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers

    Preparation and reactions

  8. 8 Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids

    Nucleophilic addition, oxidation, acidity

  9. 9 Amines

    Basicity, reactions, diazonium salts

  10. 10 Biomolecules

    Carbohydrates, proteins, enzymes, nucleic acids

Biology

  1. 1 Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants

    Pollination, double fertilisation, seeds and fruits

  2. 2 Human Reproduction

    Reproductive systems, gametogenesis, cycle, development

  3. 3 Reproductive Health

    Population, birth control, infections

  4. 4 Principles of Inheritance and Variation

    Mendel's laws, linkage, sex determination, pedigrees

  5. 5 Molecular Basis of Inheritance

    DNA, replication, transcription, genetic code, translation, lac operon

  6. 6 Evolution

    Evidence, natural selection, Hardy-Weinberg

  7. 7 Human Health and Disease

    Diseases, immunity, vaccines

  8. 8 Microbes in Human Welfare

    Fermentation, antibiotics, sewage, biogas

  9. 9 Biotechnology: Principles and Processes

    Restriction enzymes, vectors, PCR, gels

  10. 10 Biotechnology and its Applications

    Bt crops, insulin, gene therapy

  11. 11 Organisms and Populations

    Population growth, interactions

  12. 12 Ecosystem

    Productivity, energy flow, ecological pyramids

  13. 13 Biodiversity and Conservation

    Species-area relation, loss, conservation

Maths

  1. 1 Relations and Functions

    Types of relations and functions

  2. 2 Inverse Trigonometric Functions

    Principal values, properties

  3. 3 Matrices

    Operations, transpose, symmetric matrices, inverses

  4. 4 Determinants

    Determinants, area, adjoint and inverse, solving systems

  5. 5 Continuity and Differentiability

    Continuity, chain rule, exponential and log, second derivatives

  6. 6 Application of Derivatives

    Rates of change, increasing functions, maxima and minima

  7. 7 Integrals

    Methods of integration, definite integrals, fundamental theorem

  8. 8 Application of Integrals

    Area under curves

  9. 9 Differential Equations

    Order, general solutions, separable and linear equations

  10. 10 Vector Algebra

    Vector addition, dot and cross products

  11. 11 Three Dimensional Geometry

    Lines in space, angles, shortest distance

  12. 12 Linear Programming

    Graphical method

  13. 13 Probability

    Conditional probability, Bayes' theorem, random variables

Other classes: Class 8 · Class 9 · Class 10 · Class 11

Chapters follow the topics of the NCERT books used in 2026-27 (the new books for Class 8 and 9, the 2023 rationalised books for Class 10 to 12). fibub is an independent free site, not part of NCERT, and copies no textbook text or pictures. Every tool runs in your browser: no sign-up, nothing about you is saved.